複数ジョブの VRP

単純なジョブとは対照的に、複数のジョブは複数の集荷と配達で構成されるジョブです。 このようなジョブに特徴的なことは、ジョブ内のすべてのタスクが完了したときにのみ実行済みと見なすことができるということです。それが不可能な場合、どのジョブも実行されません。 また、集荷と配達の需要の合計も同じである必要があります。 複数ジョブの問題でよくあるシナリオは、さまざまな場所で複数の集荷を行ってから、1 つの場所に配達するということです。

現実の複数ジョブのVRP を、たとえば、異なる住所で数人の子供を乗せて学校に降ろさなければならないスクールバスの日常業務として想像できます。論理的に、同じスクールバスによって学校からの彼らの家に戻すことも、複数ジョブのVRP です

実環境での複数ジョブの VRP の使用例としては、次のものがあります。

  • オンデマンドの配車サービス - 複数の集荷場所から同じ方向に移動したい複数の人が、 1 台の車両をオンデマンドで使用します。
  • チャーター輸送による、さまざまな場所の従業員の職場 / オフィス / 会社の施設への輸送。
  • 最大 3 つの拠点 / 配送センターから荷物を受け取り、その配達先をショップ / サブ DC に配送します。

複数の集荷と配達を行う複数ジョブがあるとしましょう。 たとえば、特定の住所からスクールバスを経由して、 3 人の子供を地元の学校に連れて行く必要があるとします。 他の 3 人の子供たちを別の学校に移動させるために、私たちは別の複数ジョブを問題に追加できます。 車両については、同じ場所にある 1 つのデポでシフトを開始および終了する必要があります。 コスト、走行距離、シフト時間、位置、積載量、数量などの日常的な車両の制約を指定します。 たとえば、スクールバスの場合、人数の単位は人 / 子供と仮定できます。

{
  "fleet": {
    "types": [
      {
        "id": "b0130d2f754d",
        "profile": "car_1",
        "costs": {
          "fixed": 5.0,
          "distance": 0.007,
          "time": 0.002
        },
        "shifts": [
          {
            "start": {
              "time": "2021-08-27T08:03:00Z",
              "location": {
                "lat": 52.530971,
                "lng": 13.384915
              }
            },
            "end": {
              "time": "2021-08-27T16:03:00Z",
              "location": {
                "lat": 52.48693181589403,
                "lng": 13.308748991045801
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "capacity": [
          20
        ],
        "amount": 1
      }
    ],
    "profiles": [
      {
        "type": "car",
        "name": "car_1"
      }
    ]
  },

ジョブについては、この場合は最後にすべての集荷と 1 つの配達を含む複数ジョブを指定できます 複数ジョブで最大 3 つの集荷 / 配達を行うことができます。 3 つの集荷と 1 つの配達を含む 1 つの複数ジョブがあり、それらすべての集荷を 1 つの場所で配達するという問題を作成してみましょう。

Problems

{
  "fleet": {
    "types": [
      {
        "id": "b0130d2f754d",
        "profile": "car_1",
        "costs": {
          "fixed": 5.0,
          "distance": 0.007,
          "time": 0.002
        },
        "shifts": [
          {
            "start": {
              "time": "2021-08-27T08:03:00Z",
              "location": {
                "lat": 52.530971,
                "lng": 13.384915
              }
            },
            "end": {
              "time": "2021-08-27T16:03:00Z",
              "location": {
                "lat": 52.530971,
                "lng": 13.384915
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "capacity": [
          30
        ],
        "amount": 1
      }
    ],
    "profiles": [
      {
        "type": "car",
        "name": "car_1"
      }
    ]
  },
  "plan": {
    "jobs": [
      {
        "id": "job_1",
        "tasks": {
          "pickups": [
            {
              "places": [
                {
                  "location": {
                    "lat": 52.47706593757918,
                    "lng": 13.390815701172201
                  },
                  "duration": 660,
                  "tag": "Address_1"
                }
              ],
              "demand": [
                1
              ]
            },
            {
              "places": [
                {
                  "location": {
                    "lat": 52.473571009931106,
                    "lng": 13.389035169086807
                  },
                  "duration": 1140,
                  "tag": "Address_2"
                }
              ],
              "demand": [
                1
              ]
            },
            {
              "places": [
                {
                  "location": {
                    "lat": 52.53090538774364,
                    "lng": 13.384692097156309
                  },
                  "duration": 840,
                  "tag": "Address_3"
                }
              ],
              "demand": [
                1
              ]
            }
          ],
          "deliveries": [
            {
              "places": [
                {
                  "location": {
                    "lat": 52.58919138279804,
                    "lng": 13.462161100698735
                  },
                  "duration": 1020,
                  "tag": "Address_4"
                }
              ],
              "demand": [
                3
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

Solution

この問題の解決方法は次のとおりです。

{
    "statistic": {
        "cost": 273.77500000000003,
        "distance": 36041,
        "duration": 8244,
        "times": {
            "driving": 4584,
            "serving": 3660,
            "waiting": 0,
            "break": 0
        }
    },
    "tours": [
        {
            "vehicleId": "b0130d2f754d_1",
            "typeId": "b0130d2f754d",
            "stops": [
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.530971,
                        "lng": 13.384915
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T08:03:00Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T08:03:00Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        0
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "departure",
                            "type": "departure"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.53090538774364,
                        "lng": 13.384692097156307
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T08:03:02Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T08:17:02Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        1
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "job_1",
                            "type": "pickup",
                            "jobTag": "Address_3"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.473571009931106,
                        "lng": 13.389035169086808
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T08:34:57Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T08:53:57Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        2
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "job_1",
                            "type": "pickup",
                            "jobTag": "Address_2"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.47706593757918,
                        "lng": 13.3908157011722
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T08:54:51Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T09:05:51Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        3
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "job_1",
                            "type": "pickup",
                            "jobTag": "Address_1"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.58919138279804,
                        "lng": 13.462161100698737
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T09:40:21Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T09:57:21Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        0
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "job_1",
                            "type": "delivery",
                            "jobTag": "Address_4"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.530971,
                        "lng": 13.384915
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T10:20:24Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T10:20:24Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        0
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "arrival",
                            "type": "arrival"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "statistic": {
                "cost": 273.77500000000003,
                "distance": 36041,
                "duration": 8244,
                "times": {
                    "driving": 4584,
                    "serving": 3660,
                    "waiting": 0,
                    "break": 0
                }
            }
        }
    ]
}

このソリューションでは、車両がデポから出発し、3 つの集荷と 1 つの配達の複数ジョブを実行してデポに到着することを確認できます。

いくつかの複数ジョブ

たとえば、 3 人以上の子供を複数の学校に送迎する場合に問題が発生するとします。 以下の問題では、 9 人の子供がそれぞれ別の場所にいます。また、 3 つの学校で、子供を降ろそうとしています。 このため、シナリオでは 3 つの複数のジョブがあり、それぞれ 3 つの集荷と 1 つの配達があります。 このような制約の問題は、次のようになります。

Problems

{
  "fleet": {
    "types": [
      {
        "id": "b0130d2f754d",
        "profile": "car_1",
        "costs": {
          "fixed": 5.0,
          "distance": 0.007,
          "time": 0.002
        },
        "shifts": [
          {
            "start": {
              "time": "2021-08-27T08:03:00Z",
              "location": {
                "lat": 52.530971,
                "lng": 13.384915
              }
            },
            "end": {
              "time": "2021-08-27T16:03:00Z",
              "location": {
                "lat": 52.530971,
                "lng": 13.384915
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "capacity": [
          30
        ],
        "amount": 1
      }
    ],
    "profiles": [
      {
        "type": "car",
        "name": "car_1"
      }
    ]
  },
  "plan": {
    "jobs": [
      {
        "id": "job_1",
        "tasks": {
          "pickups": [
            {
              "places": [
                {
                  "location": {
                    "lat": 52.47706593757918,
                    "lng": 13.390815701172201
                  },
                  "duration": 660,
                  "tag": "Address_1"
                }
              ],
              "demand": [
                1
              ]
            },
            {
              "places": [
                {
                  "location": {
                    "lat": 52.473571009931106,
                    "lng": 13.389035169086807
                  },
                  "duration": 1140,
                  "tag": "Address_2"
                }
              ],
              "demand": [
                1
              ]
            },
            {
              "places": [
                {
                  "location": {
                    "lat": 52.53090538774364,
                    "lng": 13.384692097156309
                  },
                  "duration": 840,
                  "tag": "Address_3"
                }
              ],
              "demand": [
                1
              ]
            }
          ],
          "deliveries": [
            {
              "places": [
                {
                  "location": {
                    "lat": 52.55919138279804,
                    "lng": 13.402161100698735
                  },
                  "duration": 1020,
                  "tag": "Address_4"
                }
              ],
              "demand": [
                3
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      },
            {
        "id": "job_3",
        "tasks": {
          "pickups": [
            {
              "places": [
                {
                  "location": {
                    "lat": 52.50706593757918,
                    "lng": 13.410815701172201
                  },
                  "duration": 660,
                  "tag": "Address_9"
                }
              ],
              "demand": [
                1
              ]
            },
            {
              "places": [
                {
                  "location": {
                    "lat": 52.533571009931106,
                    "lng": 13.409035169086807
                  },
                  "duration": 1140,
                  "tag": "Address_10"
                }
              ],
              "demand": [
                1
              ]
            },
            {
              "places": [
                {
                  "location": {
                    "lat": 52.59090538774364,
                    "lng": 13.394692097156309
                  },
                  "duration": 840,
                  "tag": "Address_11"
                }
              ],
              "demand": [
                1
              ]
            }
          ],
          "deliveries": [
            {
              "places": [
                {
                  "location": {
                    "lat": 52.50919138279804,
                    "lng": 13.402161100698735
                  },
                  "duration": 1020,
                  "tag": "Address_12"
                }
              ],
              "demand": [
                3
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      {
          "id": "job_2",
        "tasks": {
          "pickups": [
            {
              "places": [
                {
                  "location": {
                    "lat": 52.49706593757918,
                    "lng": 13.350815701172201
                  },
                  "duration": 660,
                  "tag": "Address_5"
                }
              ],
              "demand": [
                1
              ]
            },
            {
              "places": [
                {
                  "location": {
                    "lat": 52.413571009931106,
                    "lng": 13.309035169086807
                  },
                  "duration": 1140,
                  "tag": "Address_6"
                }
              ],
              "demand": [
                1
              ]
            },
            {
              "places": [
                {
                  "location": {
                    "lat": 52.58090538774364,
                    "lng": 13.344692097156309
                  },
                  "duration": 840,
                  "tag": "Address_7"
                }
              ],
              "demand": [
                1
              ]
            }
          ],
          "deliveries": [
            {
              "places": [
                {
                  "location": {
                    "lat": 52.50919138279804,
                    "lng": 13.402161100698735
                  },
                  "duration": 1020,
                  "tag": "Address_8"
                }
              ],
              "demand": [
                3
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

Solution

このような制約の解決策は次のとおりです。

{
    "statistic": {
        "cost": 505.63500000000005,
        "distance": 66289,
        "duration": 18306,
        "times": {
            "driving": 7326,
            "serving": 10980,
            "waiting": 0,
            "break": 0
        }
    },
    "tours": [
        {
            "vehicleId": "b0130d2f754d_1",
            "typeId": "b0130d2f754d",
            "stops": [
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.530971,
                        "lng": 13.384915
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T08:03:00Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T08:03:00Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        0
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "departure",
                            "type": "departure"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.53090538774364,
                        "lng": 13.384692097156307
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T08:03:01Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T08:17:01Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        1
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "job_1",
                            "type": "pickup",
                            "jobTag": "Address_3"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.47706593757918,
                        "lng": 13.3908157011722
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T08:30:39Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T08:41:39Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        2
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "job_1",
                            "type": "pickup",
                            "jobTag": "Address_1"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.473571009931106,
                        "lng": 13.389035169086808
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T08:43:03Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T09:02:03Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        3
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "job_1",
                            "type": "pickup",
                            "jobTag": "Address_2"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.413571009931104,
                        "lng": 13.309035169086808
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T09:18:26Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T09:37:26Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        4
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "job_2",
                            "type": "pickup",
                            "jobTag": "Address_6"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.49706593757918,
                        "lng": 13.3508157011722
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T09:55:35Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T10:06:35Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        5
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "job_2",
                            "type": "pickup",
                            "jobTag": "Address_5"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.58090538774364,
                        "lng": 13.34469209715631
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T10:28:48Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T10:42:48Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        6
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "job_2",
                            "type": "pickup",
                            "jobTag": "Address_7"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.59090538774364,
                        "lng": 13.394692097156309
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T10:51:38Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T11:05:38Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        7
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "job_3",
                            "type": "pickup",
                            "jobTag": "Address_11"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.55919138279804,
                        "lng": 13.402161100698734
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T11:16:30Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T11:33:30Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        4
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "job_1",
                            "type": "delivery",
                            "jobTag": "Address_4"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.53357100993111,
                        "lng": 13.409035169086806
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T11:42:23Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T12:01:23Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        5
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "job_3",
                            "type": "pickup",
                            "jobTag": "Address_10"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.50706593757918,
                        "lng": 13.4108157011722
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T12:10:57Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T12:21:57Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        6
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "job_3",
                            "type": "pickup",
                            "jobTag": "Address_9"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.50919138279804,
                        "lng": 13.402161100698734
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T12:24:12Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T12:58:12Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        0
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "job_3",
                            "type": "delivery",
                            "jobTag": "Address_12",
                            "location": {
                                "lat": 52.50919138279804,
                                "lng": 13.402161100698734
                            },
                            "time": {
                                "start": "2021-08-27T12:24:12Z",
                                "end": "2021-08-27T12:41:12Z"
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "jobId": "job_2",
                            "type": "delivery",
                            "jobTag": "Address_8",
                            "location": {
                                "lat": 52.50919138279804,
                                "lng": 13.402161100698734
                            },
                            "time": {
                                "start": "2021-08-27T12:41:12Z",
                                "end": "2021-08-27T12:58:12Z"
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 52.530971,
                        "lng": 13.384915
                    },
                    "time": {
                        "arrival": "2021-08-27T13:08:06Z",
                        "departure": "2021-08-27T13:08:06Z"
                    },
                    "load": [
                        0
                    ],
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "jobId": "arrival",
                            "type": "arrival"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "statistic": {
                "cost": 505.63500000000005,
                "distance": 66289,
                "duration": 18306,
                "times": {
                    "driving": 7326,
                    "serving": 10980,
                    "waiting": 0,
                    "break": 0
                }
            },
            "shiftIndex": 0
        }
    ]
}

上記の解決策からわかるように、複数の作業が完了したかどうかにかかわらず、さまざまな作業の作業タスクが提供されるように、ツアーが最適化されます。車両は、異なる作業の集荷を行い、その後配達を行います。

  1. job_1 -- Address_3 pickup
  2. job_1 -- Address_1 pickup
  3. job_1 -- Address_2 pickup
  4. job_2 -- Address_6 pickup
  5. job_2 -- Address_5 pickup
  6. job_2 -- Address_7 pickup
  7. job_3 -- Address_11 pickup
  8. job_1 -- Address_4 delivery
  9. job_3 -- Address_10 pickup
  10. job_3 -- Address_9 pickup
  11. job_3 -- Address_12 delivery
  12. job_2 -- Address_8 delivery

」に一致する結果は 件です

    」に一致する結果はありません